Залог — это форма глагола, которая показывает, является ли подлежащее предложения производителем или объектом действия, выраженного сказуемым. Как уже было сказано выше, в английском языке имеется два залога: The Active Voice И The Passive Voice.
We only use the passive when we are interested in the object or when we do not know who caused the action.
Example: Appointments are required in such cases.
We can only form a passive sentence from an active sentence when there is an object in the active sentence.
Форма
To be + past participle
How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:
— object of the «active» sentence becomes subject in the «passive» sentence
— subject of the «active» sentence becomes «object» in the «passive» sentence»
Active: Peter builds a house.
↓
Passive: A house is built by Peter.
Примеры
| Active: | Peter | Builds | A house. | Simple Present |
| Passive: | A house | Is built | By Peter. |
| Active: | Peter | Built | A house. | Simple Past |
| Passive: | A house | Was built | By Peter. |
| Active: | Peter | Has built | A house. | Present Perfect |
| Passive: | A house | Has been built | By Peter. |
| Active: | Peter | Will build | A house. | Will-future |
| Passive: | A house | Will be built | By Peter. |
| Active: | Peter | Can build | A house. | Modals |
| Passive: | A house | Can be built | By Peter. |
Сводная таблица:
| Simple Present | Peter builds a house. | A house is built by Peter. |
| Present Continuous | Peter is building a house. | A house is being built by Peter. |
| Present Perfect | Peter has built a house | A house has been built by Peter. |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Peter has been building a house. | —————- |
| Simple Past | Peter built a house. | A house was built by Peter. |
| Past Continuous | Peter was building a house. | A house was being built by Peter. |
| Past Perfect | Peter had built a house. | A house had been built by Peter. |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Peter had been building a house. | —————- |
| Will-future | Peter will build a house. | A house will be built by Peter. |
| Future Continuous | Peter will be building a house. | —————- |
| Future Perfect | Peter will have built a house. | A house will have been built by Peter. |
| Going to-future | Peter is going to build a house in summer. | A house is going to be built in summer by Peter. |
Примечание:
Обратите внимание на позицию предлога!
| Someone broke into the pet shop. | The pet shop was broken into. |
Не все предложения можно переделать из the Active Voice в the Passive Voice:
They traveled to Lisbon last summer.
I have a shower every morning.