Home ⇒ 📌Топики по английскому языку с переводом ⇒ The Sun — Солнце
The Sun — Солнце
The big burning ball of gas that holds nine major planets in orbit is not unlike many stars in the universe. The Sun makes up 99.86 percent of the solar system’s mass and provides the energy that both sustains and endangers us. Scientists have lately begun calling its tremendous outpouring of energy «space weather».
The Sun can be divided into three main layers: a core, a radiative zone, and a convective zone. The Sun’s energy comes from thermonuclear reactions in the core, where the temperature is 15 to 25 million degrees. The energy radiates through the middle layer, then bubbles and boils to the surface in a process called convection. Charged particles, called the solar wind, stream out at a million miles an hour.
Magnetic fields within the sun slow down the radiation of heat in some areas, causing sunspots, which are cool areas and appear as dark patches. Sunspot activity peaks every 11 years. During this so-called solar maximum, the sun will bombard
The Sun frequently spews plumes of energy, essentially bursts of solar wind. These solar flares contain Gamma rays and X-rays, plus energized particles. Energy is equal to a billion megatons of TNT is released in a matter of minutes. Flare activity picks up as sunspots increase. The Sun’s charged, high-speed particles push and shape Earth’s magnetic field into a teardrop shape. The magnetic field protects Earth from most of the harmful solar radiation, but extreme flares can disable satellites and disrupt communication signals.
The charged particles also excite oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere to create the aurora borealis, or northern lights. More solar radiation during the upcoming solar maximum means an increase in the aurora. Similar to a solar flare, a coronal mass ejection is a bubble of gas and charged particles ejected over several hours. It can occur with or without solar flares, and can also threaten Earth’s atmosphere.
If you stood on the Sun, its gravity would make you feel 38 times more heavy than you do on Earth. But it’s kind of hot, so please don’t try it.
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