Regular and irregular verbs
1. Правильные глаголы.
Past simple и past participle правильных глаголов заканчиваются на — ed. Например:
Infinitive : | Clean, improve, paint, carry |
Past simple/ past participle: | Cleaned, improved, painted, carried |
Мы используем причастие прошедшего времени past participle для создания perfect tenses и всех форм страдательного залога.
— I cleaned my room yesterday.
— Your English has improved.
— The house was dirty. We hadn’t cleaned it for a long time.
— This door has just been painted.
— He was carried out of the room.
Когда past simple и past participle не заканчиваются на
2. Следующие глаголы могут быть правильными или неправильными:
Infinitive past simple/ past participle | Infinitive past simple/ past participle |
Burn burnt или burned Dream dreamt или dreamed Lean leant или leaned Learn learnt или learned | Smell smelt или smelled Spell spelt или spelled Spill spilt или spilled Spoil spoilt или spoiled |
Вы можете сказать:
— I leant out of the window. или I leaned out of the window.
— The dinner has been spoilt. или The dinner has been spoiled.
В British English неправильная форма более общепринятая.
3. Неправильные глаголы. У некоторых неправильных глаголов все три формы одинаковые. Например, hit:
— Someone hit me as I came into the room.
— I’ve never hit anyone in my life.
— George was hit on the head by a stone.
У некоторых неправильных глаголов форма past simple такая же, как past participle, . Например, tell — told:
— He told me to come back the next day.
— Have you told anyone about your new job?
— I was told to come back the next day.
Другие же неправильные глаголы имеют все три формы, отличающиеся друг от друга. Например, break — broke — broken:
— He broke his arm in a climbing accident.
— Somebody has broken the window.
— When was the window broken?
4. Список неправильных глаголов.
Infinitive | Past simple | Past participle | Infinitive | Past simple | Past participle |
Be Beat Become Begin Bend Bet Bite Blow Break Bring Build Burst Buy Catch Choose Come Cost Cut Deal Dig Do Draw Drink Drive Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Fly Forbid Forget Forgive Freeze Get Give Go Grow Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt Keep Know Lay Lead Leave Lend Let Lie Light | Was/were Beat Became Began Bent Bet Bit Blew Broke Brought Built Burst Bought Caught Chose Came Cost Cut Dealt Dug Did Drew Drank Drove Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Flew Forbade Forgot Forgave Froze Got Gave Went Grew Hung Had Heard Hid Hit Held Hurt Kept Knew Laid Led Left Lent Let Lay Lit | Been Beaten Become Begun Bent Bet Bitten Blown Broken Brought Built Burst Bought Caught Chosen Come Cost Cut Dealt Dug Done Drawn Drunk Driven Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Flown Forbidden Forgotten Forgiven Frozen Got Given Gone Grown Hung Had Heard Hidden Hit Held Hurt Kept Known Laid Led Left Lent Let Lain Lit | Lose Make Mean Meet Pay Put Read[ri:d] Ride Ring Rise Run Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shine Shoot Show Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Sleep Speak Spend Split Spread Spring Stand Steal Stick Sting Stink Strike Swear Sweep Swim Swing Take Teach Tear Tell Think Throw Understand Wake Wear Win Write | Lost Made Meant Met Paid Put Read[red] Rode Rang Rose Ran Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shone Shot Showed Shrank Shut Sang Sank Sat Slept Spoke Spent Split Spread Sprang Stood Stole Stuck Stung Stank Struck Swore Swept Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Thought Threw Understood Woke Wore Won Wrote | Lost Made Meant Met Paid Put Read [red] Ridden Rung Risen Run Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewn/sewed Shaken Shone Shot Shown Shrunk Shut Sung Sunk Sat Slept Spoken Spent Split Spread Sprung Stood Stolen Stuck Stung Stunk Struck Sworn Swept Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Thought Thrown Understood Woken Worn Won Written |
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